Zhizhen Lu

PhD in Government

Trade Politics at Work: Employee Activism and the Aggregation of Firm Preferences over High-skill Immigration


Existing work on trade politics and business activism treats workers as voters, yet employees are stakeholders and internal advocates who shape corporate ideologies and political activity. How do employee preferences aggregate into political advocacy within firms? Polarized views of globalization make this consequential. I argue that employees are more likely to support organizational activism consistent with their prior political and economic beliefs, but distributional stakes moderate costly participation. A survey experiment with 1,732 U.S. workers randomized whether a petition defended H-1B or American workers and varied personal stake information. Neither treatment changed average support or signing, but petition position changed how prior trade views related to support. Each increase in the belief that tariffs benefit the U.S. economy corresponded to 5.1 percentage points more support for the American worker petition and 7.4 points less for the H-1B petition. Consumer nationalism was associated with signing among supporters, while exploratory nativism sorted both outcomes across petitions. No measure of distributional stakes moderated signing. The article brings employee activism into research on firm-based trade politics, identifying employee activism as a micro-foundation of firm preferences and corporate nationalism